Papua New Guinea Before Contact History Essay

Papua rude(a) dago Before tie History EssayPapua natural Guinea is one of the closely heathenly varied countries on Earth, with over 850 endemic speechs and at least as many traditional societies, out of a population of just chthonic 7 million. This diversity results in no traditional name for the indigenous peoples. The country is one of the worlds least explored, culturally and biologically, and many undiscovered species of plants and animals be believed to dwell in the interior of Papua naked as a jaybird Guinea.Humans have prime(prenominal) estimated to have lived in New Guinea as far underpin as 50,000 years agone. New Guinea was one of the first landmasses after(prenominal) Africa and Eurasia to be populated by modern humans, with the first migration at roughly the same time as that of Indigenous Australia. Early communities had little hit with each other because of rough and mountainous terrain and so maintained their independence, as well as their distinct languages and customs, leading to such diverse cultural livelihood.First arrivals were hunters and gatherers, early evidence shows that people managed to utilise the forest milieu to provide food.http//3.bp.blogspot.com/_fhVpDW9sV30/SuK3ppLwkm I/AAAAAAAALo4/NcyzlB00U8Q/s400/irving_penn_11.jpgCUsersUserDownloadswen_04_img0693.jpgTimeline Pre- resolution of New Guinea50,000 years ago (Pleistocene Epoch)Humans first arrive from Southeast Asia, by sea, although during this time sea level was lower and a land bridge connected Australia and New Guinea.6000-7000 years agoAustronesians (known today as Malays, Indonesians, Filipinos and Polynesians) sail from southern chinaware and settle along the coast of New Guinea and on environ islands. These people live in villages, plant food crops such as yams, make clay pots and raise pigs and chickens.1526First recorded European perceive of New Guinea is made by two Lusitanian explorers who are sailing by the island but do not land.Jorge d e Meneses, first Portuguese governor of the Moluccas, names the island Ilhas dos Papuas from the Malay phrase Orang papuwah which meaning frizzy haired man.1545Ynigo Ortiz de Reyes, Spanish captain sailing from Mexico, claims New Guinea for the queen of Spain. It is debated whether he chose the name Nueva Guinea for the resemblance of the people or coastline of Guinea in Africahttp//www.deathreference.com /images/medd_01_img0019.jpgDuring ContactPapua New Guinea had two non-indigenous countries colonise it, Germany and Britain. The Germans treasured to colonise Papua New Guinea because of Europes growing desire for coconut anoint whereas Britain claimed it mainly for land and exploration purposes.Britain first arrived in the south-eastern province of New Guinea in 1883 after a formal decision to offstage the island by Sir Thomas McIlwraith, the Premier of Queensland at the time. It took until 1884 before financial give birth was delivered and the colony officially became a Brit ish protectorate known as the dominion of Papua in 1905. In 1906 Britain transferred total responsibility for the territory to Australia.The Germans arrived in the north-eastern islands of New Guinea around the same time as the British. This annexed reach was known as German New Guinea. As the terrain was so mountainous and separated contact in the midst of the two countries was about uncommon and usually peaceful. DuringWorld War 1, Australian forces seized German New Guinea, which in 1920 became theTerritory of New Guinea. Both territories were merged into the Territory of Papua and New Guinea in 1949.http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.png/250px-New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.pngNew Guinea from 1884-1919.The Netherlands controlled the westward half of New Guinea, Germanythe north-eastern part, andBritainthe south-eastern part.Nature of arrivalBoth the Germans and the British met the infixeds in a rather peaceful manner. The coloni sation occurred after Australias and the British approached the sore country more carefully and in a friendlier way to avoid an uprising from the natives of New Guinea a birth to that of the Australian AboriginesThe natives were taught basic skills that helped twain themselves and the British, such as farming, domestication of animals such as fowl and language skills that helped them communicate with the British.The British also helped establish a bartering and economic remains for the formally nomadic people. They made stalls and shops where the locals could trade and sell big goods and items that they were right away accustomed to, such as soap and blankets.A assemblage of people gather in take care of a store in Mount Hagen.A group of people gather in front of astore in Mount Hagen.Response of the nativesWhen both countries arrived, they met the natives with somewhat peaceful intentions. With over a thousand language groups all mobilize out along the country, most tribes were around 100 self-aggrandising and were lightly spaced along the land meaning that resistance was not as great as in Australia.Shortly after colonisation, the natives were combined into large(p) towns and were given education, health care and food which wouldve been a weird acquire as before colonisation there were no towns or large populations, only small, dispersed settlements.Nearly all of the natives took to these changes rapidly and easily, with the only ejection of religious beliefs. Some New Guineans resisted the changes Christian representationaries represented, while others accepted opportunities for new forms of wealth, power, and age and gender relations.With next to no recounts of major(ip) violent resistance, the colonisation of Papua New Guinea was one of the more peaceful and successful ones. coincidence to AustraliaThe colonisation of New Guinea was very different to that of Australia and one of the major reasons why was because it occurred after Australia had been colonised, meaning that the British didnt want a bear of the violence and death that had happened there.Slavery was still present in Papua New Guinea, however slaves and servants had a portion more freedom and rights then the Aboriginals did and most were considered just workers as opposed to servants.Due to the amount of space between native settlements there are still plenty of settlements that were never colonised or approached, hitherto today there are still native groups that have never been met by non-indigenous populations.There was also a lot less prejudice about the locals of New Guinea than there was with Aboriginals, as the locals of New Guinea were given more rights and space than Aboriginals. New Guineans nicety and beliefs wrapped around the colonisation and those who kept their traditional ways werent forced to change or conform.Results of colonisation for both the indigenous and non-indigenous peopleThe results of colonisation for both the indigenous a nd non-indigenous people were mainly positive with both the German and British protectorates treating the locals fairly. The locals quality of life improved dramatically when they were colonised as healthcare and education were quickly introduced to the newfound villages and towns.Before colonization, an individuals identity was found on their kin group and rarely extended beyond the kin groups of close relatives. After colonization, Papua New Guineans experienced political, social, and economic integration that helped them fit to their new style of living.The British and Germans both used the locals for things like twist houses and labour but most of the structures that were built also benefited the natives as well, such as houses and huts that they lived in and shops that helped give the indigenous people a experience of economics and easy to access goods.With colonization, dispersed settlements were combined into larger villages for easier cheek and the provision of educatio n and health care. The first towns grew up around mission and administrative centres, near airstrips, or on hillsides overlooking good harbours. Towns were small, and homes and non-residential structures were simple one-story buildings. The first Papua New Guineans to live in towns were men. Many workers were chosen from nearby villages to which they were expected to return at night, but some lived in servants quarters ( boi haus ) or company barracks.The New Guineans nearly always lived separate from the European settlements and rarely interfered with each other. This was a positive step in the Europeans minds as it allowed the locals to integrate and get used to their new way of living without stoppage from the British.The New Guineans were treated more as individuals rather than natives. This freedom was something that helped the locals and gave them margin to live their lives how they were before colonisation.In 1975 the people of New Guinea were grant independence and are now officially a self-governing nation. compare of colonisationOverall the indigenous people of New Guinea had a much better result of colonisation than that of Aboriginal people. Quality of life was better during and after the British and Germans arrived, because of the independence that the Europeans gave them along with basic goods and tools that they quickly learned to use.There is also less of a cultural rampart as a whole between towns and villages, the Europeans let them live their lives whereas in colonial Australia, Aboriginals were treated as inferior and were often enslaved.During colonisation and even in some parts of Australia today, Aboriginals have a lower measuring rod of living along with less education and high mortality rates. In Papua New Guinea there were and are still problems affecting early children, but as a whole, the population have a higher standard of living than Aboriginal Australians.