Racism in the Unites States Essay - 2381 Words

Racism in the Unites States The cause of the black riots in the 1960s consisted of many things. Firstly there was he issue of race; blacks could not get jobs, whites wouldnt employ them many whites preferred to employ Chicanos as their skin colour is slightly lighter. There was great tension between the Blacks and the Chicanos both for jobs, houses and federal money. Blacks where getting more money than the Chicanos even though there where more Chicanos living in Los Angles. The next reason for the riots was that many Blacks could not afford houses, they couldnt afford the houses as no-one would employ them and the jobs they did get they where paid half the amount a white man would be paid to the†¦show more content†¦Finally, there were the negative and unconstructive encounters with the white police officers and the Black people. Not many people knew about these encounters but it made the Blacks resent them. A lot of motivation that caused the 1960s riots where the years of Jim Crow laws that the Blacks had to endure. The Jim Cow laws where passed in 1896; they where laws that frustrated the Blacks as it segregated them to control their behaviour; they consisted of laws like marriage between Blacks and Whites where forbidden, Black people could not give blood to white people and Blacks and whites where just generally segregated from each other. This was because the whites attitude was that Blacks were lower than whites and they could not be mixed. Blacks were discriminated against by the Los Angeles Police department. White police officers lied in their reports on routine felony cases. Blacks where tortured even if they hadnt done anything wrong. Their fingers where bent back, their handcuffs tightened and their heads where slammed in car doors. With all this inequality between the Blacks and the Whites the riots where inevitable, the Blacks could not just sit by and let this happen to them. 2.The causes of the 1992 riots where not too dissimilar to the causes of the riots in 1965. The main cause and motivation was the attack on Rodney King. Rodney King, a black manShow MoreRelatedAutobiography Of Malcolm X1614 Words   |  7 Pagesnationalism and separatism. The man who became one of America’s most powerful voices for African Americans was deeply affected by the terrors of racism, which shaped his view of social justice and the condemnation of the white man. The way Malcolm X narrates his experiences changes as his views on race change. At first, he wants readers to feel the destructiveness of racism, so he conveys his experiences through provocative language. When he aims to promote universal peace, he takes on a more optimistic toneRead MoreInstitutional Racism And Integration Of Diverse Policies918 Words   |  4 PagesSolution #1 Understanding the History of Institutional Racism and Integration of Diverse Policies Institutional Racism (also known as Institutionalized Racism) is a system of unequal policies placed in social and political institutions based on race. The organizations are commonly comprised within government, education, and a judicial form of injustice that fails to offer the same goods and services to those of color and provides fewer opportunities within these entities of society. The term wasRead MoreRacism Against African Americans : Racism1575 Words   |  7 PagesBryce Harris Mrs. Rakis EWRC 3 4 February 2016 Racism against African Americans â€Å"I believe in human beings, and that all human beings should be respected as such, regardless of their color.†-Malcom X. 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In a question-answer session with Pat Mitchell published in TED, Madeleine Albright, who was the first American female Secretary of State, said: â€Å"There is a special place in hell for women who don’t help otherRead MoreRacial Profiling of Arabic People after September 11 Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pages A series of tragic events occurred in United States. On September 11th, 2001 the Twin Towers in New York City were destroyed by two planes that were hijacked by Arabic people. As planes were crashing into the Twin Towers, regular people saw the tragedy take place. All they could do was stare in despair as they watched the towers come crumbling down. The Pentagon in Virginia also was also crashed into by a hijacked plane. Thousands died and many were left injured. 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Diversity, Inclusion, And Equality Within The World

Militaries all over the world have historically faced problems with diversity, inclusion, and equality within their ranks. The hyper-masculine culture that has been at the core of many military values has facilitated a perspective that excludes certain populations. Women of all backgrounds as well as gay men have struggled through the years for their right to service. This essay serves to explore the struggles as well as progress the Australian Defense Force has facilitated with its LGBTQ officers, and to analyze the current state of equality and inclusion that the ADF has to offer. Militaries all over the world have historically excluded gay men, and to understand why we must first put it into historical context. The issue of gay men serving in militaries have been about for many decades, but the first cases of mass attention began in the 1980s. At his time LGBTQ rights movements erupted into the global scene, and many communities used sex as their expression of freedom. During this era HIV/AIDS was introduced into the LGBTQ community, and it led to the deaths of many people. HIV/AIDS was often mistaken as a â€Å"gay† disease, as it ran rampant through the community. While the community saw sex as one of their few rights or freedoms to have without intervention there were many sexually active gay men. Without the worry of pregnancy it was rare that protection was used, and thus HIV/AIDS spread quickly through the LGBTQ community. At this point in time the diseaseShow MoreRelatedIntroduction to Equality and Inclusion in Health, Social Care and Chi ldrens Young Peoples Settings1090 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 003 Introduction to Equality and Inclusion in Health, Social care and children’s Young Peoples Settings. 1.1– Explain what is meant by; A – Diversity: So not that all people are the same and that different people have different experiences, skills, knowledge, race, age, gender, sexual orientation. Working in a nursery with children from civilian parents and Army parents I am fortunate to get to witness more than one culture, race or children from different backgrounds. Seeing the childrenRead MoreSch 33 Equality and Inclusion in Health Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesSHC 33 Promote Equality and Inclusion in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings 1. Explain what is meant by: Diversity Equality Inclusion Mean by Diversity the differences between individuals and groups in society arising from gender, ethnic origins, social, cultural or religious background, family structure, disabilities, sexuality and appearance. Our society is made up of people with a wide range of characteristics. Where people vary in a multitude of ways, includingRead MoreBenefits Of Diversity And Inclusion1657 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Diversity and inclusion are hot topics in today’s business world. While treating individuals fairly and equally is a social imperative, it is also extremely important to the success of a business. With the changing demographics of society and its affect on the American workforce, organizations must truly embrace diversity and inclusion. â€Å"For companies to succeed in the global marketplace, they must make the most of the full range of their people. Companies must attract and retain theRead MoreList Key Legislation And Codes Of Practice1177 Words   |  5 Pageslist key legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination in adult social care setting. There are several pieces of legislation that chains the principles of a number of previous acts. 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Consequently schools are faced with many diverse students of different abilities and backgrounds. To ensure equity and fairness among students, policies and legislations have been put into place to ensure diversity is being catered for and that no student is being excluded from the education system. Some of these policies and legislation include: The Disability Discrimination Act 1992, The Salamanca Statement, Disability Standards 2005, Inclusive EducationRead MoreThe Gap Between Upper And Lower Class Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pagesand backgrounds (social justice). Social Justice and Inclusion We look at Social Justice and its’ effect on Students; are the areas where students born, nurtured and educated impacting their success in education and or in life? A basic understanding of Social Justice is â€Å"the fair and just relationship between an individual and society†, i.e equal rights and opportunities in all aspects. 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Human Resource Management Strategic

Questions: You are asked as an independent consultant to conduct a critical review of the companys employee performance management strategies for Heinz Company Australia and recommend the way forward. Write a business report that answers all the three questions: 1. How was Heinzs approach to performance management invalid in relation to Morettis job? Explain your answer in relation to significance of strategic performance management, appraisal and employee feedback in organisational context. 2. How was Heinzs approach towards employee performance management unreliable? Discuss your answer that relates employee performance management and its impact on strategic human resource management and organisational performances. 3. Identify the ways in which Heinzs employee performance management could be improved. As part of your answer, make sure you explain carefully how the company should implement your recommendations because so much of success in this area depends on the how of any strategy is implemented. Answers: Introduction and Background This study deals with performance management analysis as in relation with Heinz Vs Moretti case study. Fair Work Australia has found it unfair for Heinz Company Australia for dismissing sales managers in refusing performance management system. Moretti feared that it was designed in triggering his exit from the company (Werner, Schuler, Jackson, 2012). Performance grounds mainly rely upon management in perfect way. One performance score was used for evaluation in individual performance. Job title of sales managers is no longer present in the company and does not resign in performance managed out for the same. Hienz tried hard in forcing managers in signing performance management plan before discussing on concerned issues of performance in an overall manner. Managers have given time till 15th August for signing the plan in dismissal process. McCarthy agreed he had good reason for becoming suspicious about the intention of company as no other managers subjects in performance plans. Per formance Plan viewed unfair by FWA representative as well as ordered company in appointing Moretti for new role in favourable terms and conditions (Armstrong, 2012). This report covers analysis on Heinz case with Moretti focussing on strategic performance management. This reports aims at providing analysis of the case in light of communication especially in an organization. He reports on matters that covers performance appraisal in handling matters prevailing in the organization. It enables analysis of reliability of Heinz performance management system in addressing employee performance management affecting strategic human resource management and organization performance as a whole. At the end of the report, it provides with recommendation on what Heinz Company should follow for becoming successful in the upcoming years (Armstrong Armstrong, 2011). Research and Literature (1). Literature Management Support- Performance management approach was not relevant to Moretti job. This is due to fact that he was unaware of reasons why his performance was evaluated in certain way. It defines communication with employees prior to review process in every form (Taylor Woodhams, 2012). Lack of job-relatedness standards- Hienz does not have access to correct system in place for evaluating accurate individual performance of employees. This is because of large nature of the company stated in the case study. Hienz individual performance scores were based on companywide ratings for giving all employees in same score. Therefore, individuals experiencing halo error where behaviours of individuals as included in performance analysis. It influences perception in one negative aspect that makes company in perceiving other qualities in negative form (Byars Rue, 2011). Recommendations Strategic Performance Management- It involves processes for continuous identification and measurement of performance of the employees. Heinz performance management is invalid as it does not reflect on the organizational goal viewpoint. It is impossible to gain performance management without communicating with the employees working in an organization (DelCampo, 2011). Good performance management system includes employees recognition playing great role in motivation of employees. It relates with socially motivated employees for responding positively in the performance management system. Performance management system aims at motivating employees for improving level of performance. It is not a toll that inflicts fear in employees that hinder overall performance in case of Moretti (Byars Rue, 2011). Performance Appraisal- In this case study, Heinz approach towards performance management considers as invalid involving performance appraisal for the same. Management plan undertakes for evaluation of performance (Valentine, Mathis, Jackson, 2012). This makes Moretti suspicious for the intended aim in final performance management plan. Informed managers ensure making informed decisions from performance appraisal. Employee Feedback- Heinz approach is invalid because it does not render room for feedback. It is mainly importance for essential performance management. It includes provision of multiscore feedback within an organization as well as important for implementation in case of performance management in an overall manner (Truss, Mankin, Kelliher, 2012). Flow of information is essential in all networks for viewing at the effectiveness of performance management system. Moretti does not understand on the exact requirements for withholding of information. The main aim of managing performance in organization helps in identifying faults for using it in dismissing employees at the same time. (2). Literature Rater Bias- Due to existence of programs in place, company evaluates individual performance that states major three ratings (Taylor Woodhams, 2012). It is based upon companywide ratings in giving employees the same score. Managers are being assessed based upon figures for each employee working in an organization. This particular company does not have valued case whereby employees are not aware of the situation. It questions on employees defending actions as well as leading refusal in signing the performance management plan in an overall manner. Lack of Evidence- On analysis, it is noticed that company lacks essential evidence in accusing Moretti of lacking the ability for performing in certain way. It showcases inability in differentiating performance of all employees at the same time (Truss, Mankin, Kelliher, 2012). Recommendations Performance Management considers as a continuous process involving provision for feedback and coaching employees for performance improvement process. It gets linked with mission of the organizational goals for the same (Stone, 2011). On critical analysis, it is noticed that performance management in Heinz Company is not reliable at the first place. It refers as performance appraisal that takes place for first time. It is important to understand the fact that performance appraisal reveals well-designed of systems for bringing performance improvement like training programs. It gets along with strong management system in the most appropriate way. Performance management has the ability in influencing in employees contribution prevailing in business organization (Prescott Rothwell, 2012). Heinz approach fails in implementing continuous thing and something else comes up in the business practices. Good performance management system considers as continuous things for designing human resource management (Mondy, Noe Premeaux, 2012). Human resource managers aim at performance enhancement as well as meeting the organizational goals in an effective way. Moretti had not managed properly before and poses no basis on improvement in the near future. This serves as the main reason for Heinz managers that fail in providing feedback as demanded in areas of modification. Human Resource Managers should follow up with performance of every employee as well as communicate in an effective way. It is necessary to communicate performance expectation to employees and providing feedback after performance appraisal at the same time (Mello, 2011). Strategic Human Resource Management- Performance Management considers as fully integrated system in form of strategic human resource management for reflection of goals of business organization. Role of human resource management ensures performance of each employee in directing achieving organizational goals (Truss, Mankin, Kelliher, 2012). (3). Literature In accordance with the size of the company, it includes appropriate medium in dividing company into separate units. It makes it easier as well as fair ways for individual assessment in an overall manner (Lindholm et al, 2012). Continuous Performance Review- It is advisable to Heinz in evaluate regular performance reviews in identification of key areas in improvement ways (Torrington, 2011). Coaching as well as training of employees should be regular based on the final outcome of performance system. It should be used by the company in improving performance management and act as a tool for developing employees and organization as a whole. It is necessary for Heinz in coming up with reward system in motivating employees as well keeping good behaviour in facilitating performance largely (Hayton, 2011). Recommendations First Idea Most of the ways evaluates performance includes providing employees with opportunities in assessing themselves. It gathers information from various potential sources (Harzing Pinnington, 2011). It helps employees in understanding performance ties in alignment with vision of the company. It helps in providing continuing opportunities for employees development as well advancement in the most appropriate way. Employee evaluations depend upon strategic means in rewarding employee performance in certain ways (Grieves, 2012). Second Idea The ability in realising that each job title enables in having own criteria. It involves different levels of skills as well as responsibilities in creation of individual performance review from the given criteria (Dessler, 2012). Relevance- It includes extent to which standards relates with standards of the job. Freedom from contamination- It includes comparison between performances among other production workers at the same time (Torrington, 2011). Reliability- It includes stability or consistency of standard that extends ways for future analysis purpose. It involves individuals for maintaining certain level of performance for specified time (Dessler, 2013). Third Idea It is necessary in involving for constant communication between HR managers and employees. It acknowledges success as well as improvements in discussion with mutual agreement. It keeps in mind on matters relating vision of the business organization (Torrington, 2011). Performance management is an important and valid part of an organization and helps in implementation in various strategic initiatives for the same. Performance management in an organization helps in managing with workforce and workforce development enhancement in an overall manner (DelCampo, 2011). It is necessary in selecting as well as implementation of right performance measurement system in realizing improvements in and within organization in an effective way. Management needs to understand the social context before implementation of rules in an organization. Change management brings innovative ideas in the organization that benefit employees and organization as a whole. Conclusion and summary of recommendations Training- It is advisable to Heinz managers in undergoing performance management training for enhancing the level of competencies in an effective way. It should design successful system for future analysis purpose. Addition to that, training these individuals enables understanding various ways for undertaking ratings in the most accurate ways. With the help of training, it improves in the level of justice perception especially by supervisors. It improves ways for managing communicating messages in relation with performance to employees for the same. Through training, it helps managers in learning effective way for carrying out reviews as well as setting performance objectives in alignment with organizational goals in certain way. Communication- It is advisable to Heinz managers in enhancing communication between employees as well as management. It develops effective performance management system in desired form. It establishes reliable communication networks in and within organization. It revolves around availability of feedback from the management in accordance with subordinates in making the necessary improvement as and when required. Feed-forward helps management in identification for need of training and obtaining new ideas for the same. It ensures development of coaching systems as well as reward system in the most appropriate way. There should be improved communication between subordinates as well as management in development of performance expectations. It based upon performance appraisal as well as overall performance management system in an effective way. Redeveloping Performance Management System- It is advisable to Heinz in developing the performance management system in alignment with organization culture. It is applicable for all managers as well as job responsibilities for the same. System should ensure putting into consideration on performance review for specified period. System needs to be developed in measuring the performance in consistent terms. Management needs to ensure rating periods in reasonable ways in gaining relevant information at the same time. Conclusion From the above study, it is easy to gather facts on the Performance management system. It is necessary to develop performance management system in an organization. It will help in facilitating organization development and employee development at the same time. Effective performance management system enables continuous flow of information. Flow will take place from employees to managers and vice versa. It is understood that Heinz performance management is not valid and unreliable. It mainly lacks essential characteristics and requires effective performance management system in an overall manner. It is advisable to Heinz Company in ensuring managers and employees for going through training in relation with performance management. It helps in development as well as implementation in effective performance management system in an accurate way. It requires continuous review in accompanying with adequate coaching as well as rewarding. It is necessary for the organization in redevelopment of improving employee performance as well as leading organizational development in the near future. Reference List Armstrong, M. (2012).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. London: Kogan Page. Armstrong, M. Armstrong, M. (2011).Armstrong's handbook of strategic human resource management. London: Kogan Page. Byars, L. Rue, L. (2011).Human resource management. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. DelCampo, R. (2011).Human resource management demystified. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Dessler, G. (2013).Human resource management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Dessler, G. (2012) Human resource management. Grieves, J. (2012).Strategic human resource development. London: Sage Publications. Harzing, A. Pinnington, A. (2011).International human resource management. London: SAGE. Hayton, J. (2011).Global human resource management casebook. New York, NY: Routledge. Lindholm, J., Rothwell, W., Yarrish, K., Zaballero, A. (2012).The encyclopedia of human resource management. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Mello, J. (2011).Strategic human resource management. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Mondy, R. Mondy, J. (2012).Human resource management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Mondy, R., Noe, R., Premeaux, S. (2012).Human resource management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Prescott, R. Rothwell, W. (2012).The encyclopedia of human resource management. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Stone, R. (2011).Human resource management. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley. Taylor, S. Woodhams, C. (2012) Studying human resource management. Torrington, D. (2011).Human resource management. Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Truss, C., Mankin, D., Kelliher, C. (2012).Strategic human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Valentine, S., Mathis, R., Jackson, J.Human resource management. Werner, S., Schuler, R., Jackson, S. (2012).Human resource management. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Surgeon as Priest free essay sample

Surgeon as Priest Essay BY gabtn01995 In the Surgeon as Priest, Richard Selzer dives into the religious and scientific aspects of being a surgeon. He explores and divides the certain aspects of healing into five parts, each section demonstrating the different perspectives on healing (spiritually scientifically) that eventually builds the metaphorical bridge between surgeon and priest. With the use of fgurative language and other rhetorical devises, he connects each section of his essay to show his transformation from a scientific healer to a spiritual healer. In the first section the use of hyperbole reveals the holy responsibilities a surgeon can have on its people, as a priest might have on his congregates. Selzer compares himself to a hierophant, a person who brings religious congregants into the presence of that which is deemed holy; and in this case he is bringing along the reader to his sanctuary of science. He shows the spiritual responsibilities he has towards the healing of the human body to what a priest might have on his people: that special power to heal/ cure with powers sent from a divine source. Of course this is an exaggeration because he compares himself o a higher being who must do magic to ward of the mysteries he trespass[ed] on; but nevertheless, the hyperbole reveals the correlation of the sanctity that is within a priest to the sacredness that thrives in Selzer. Moreover, it is this holiness that Selzer sees within his (scientific) profession that ennobles and enables him to tie religion and science together. Secondly, Selzer uses crude diction along with an anecdote to reveal the similarity between religious (holy) healing and surgical healing that challenges him to comprehend spiritual healing. His first use of crude diction is appreciated as he etails the cancer of Joe Riker, describing it as a mucky puddle whose meaty heaped edge rose above and also the chewed dura-mater [that] laid bare this short-order cooks brain. The use of crude diction serves to classify Joes disease as deadly and maybe incurable; yet the striking part is that Joe bluntly refuses to take Seltzers surgical method, making Selzer gaze upon Joe remarking the dignified title this tumor gave him as if giving him a grace that a life time of good health had not bestowed. The tumor in other words challenges the scientific position of Selzer, ethos) to confront the spirituality that dwells within Joe and within that of a Priest. The bewilderment that shocks Selzer is seen as something furtive and spiritual keeps Selzer looking for an answer; and that spiritual secret which Selzer would never know is recognized by Joe, and he takes this secret and crudely says no to the operation Selzer insisted on. Later, Jo es curing comes not of a surgical operation but of a religious miracle. The similarity between the two is that they both arrive to the same conclusion, (alleviation), yet the one difference is that Selzer is only familiar ith surgical healing, healing that is visible to the human eye, while spiritual healing is healing that cannot seen nor understood, a miracle of sorts; and it is the spiritual healing process he wants to comprehend in order to come closer not only to his profession but to the human body-the human mind-and more importantly the holiness within. In doing so, Selzer comes closer to the universal truth, the priest within the surgeon that can Just like the holy water grant Joes miracle. Clearly in this section Rikers spiritual healing method is the new tound goal Selzer wishes to grasp, et the one obstacle that impedes him is surgical healing. In the third section of his essay he uses a rhythmic, butchered-belittling, and repetitive almost prayer like diction to convey the falsity of the established religion of a surgeon, science. Selzer describes the neurosurgeons practices as a nursery rhyme: Patty, buzz, suck, cut. The nursery rhyme serves to compare the repetitive prayers of a Priest to the structurally similar practices of the surgeon. As Selzer establishes this parallel with the use of repetitive diction he reveals the similarity between a Priest and a Surgeon for they both practice repetitive rituals. Moreover, maybe, he also elicits that as more repetitive and mechanical the prayers or surgical practices become, the more emotionless the practices of being a Surgeon becomes. It is true that the more blindly you do something the more meaningless that becomes, and for a Priest their religion becomes meaningless and for a surgeon likewise. In this section we see a disconnection of the spirituality between the Surgeon as Priest, yet still, we see the influence religion plays on Selzer. His religion is science, being a surgeon; and the rationality that comes with being a scientist disconnects Selzer to eligious faith. This struggle portrays the struggles of many people who try to find the universal truth yet stumble upon belief and disbelief. This section reveals the struggles Selzer has to find which faith, whether science or spiritual is morally the correct faith to practice and not so much which faith is more superior. In the fourth section of his essay he uses a mythological allusion to be open to spiritual healing. Selzer refers to Asclepius, the god of medicine who would heal the people of Greece through spiritual healing. Selzers motive for using this allusion is to emind his audience (mainly surgeons) that the time where there was no modernization, ancient peoples method for curing was spiritual healing. Indeed, Selzer is not promoting spiritual healing but very well is now being open to the idea of spiritual healing and adding an alternative to surgical healing. By proposing this alternative, people would have to pray to a god like Asclepius in their sleep and as they dream they would be cured. As in where people of the modern-age would make an appointment, see the doctor, wait tedious weeks for results, and depending on medical procedures they would not be cured later after. The reason why Selzer does not promote either method towards healing is because he wants his rational surgeon audience to think rationally about which method is more reasonable, this way the audience is not inferior or told what to do. In other words the spiritually born again speaker influences the audience to take part of his Journey by offering the choice, whether to stick to science or move on to an enlightened path as he. Finally in the last section Selzer uses vivid imagery to reveal Selzers full belief of spiritual healing. Selzer vividly describes the diagnosis of Yeshi Dhonden as he was suspended above [her] like some exotic golden bird with folded wings, holding the pulse of the woman, then the palpation of the pulse, turned to a state of ritual. The vividness Yeshi takes to diagnose the woman reflects the liveliness Selzer sees but also shows the awakening in him; the wanting, desire, and urgency to be touched by something so holy and divine as Yeshi, to be held and received by something greater than him; Selzer wants to be received by the spirit within Yeshi, within a Priest. Moreover we can see the bridge and conflict that build throughout the whole ssay in this section. Selzers tirst impression ot Yeshi is ot skepticism, that ne will not be able to diagnose the patient. Yet as Yeshis faith and spirituality grew more and more with his practices in dealing with the patient (bathing fasting pray[ing]), he builds the bridge between disbelief of spiritual healing to a full belief therein. As Yeshi listens to the sounds of the body to which the rest of us are deaf, we see not only the acceptance of Dhondens power but the acceptance of spiritual healing. The use of vivid imagery serves to reveal the openness Selzer takes with spiritual healing, or the way he admirably describes the way Dhonden [listens] to the sounds of the body to which the rest of us are deaf reveals to us the belief in Dhondens abilities, spiritual abilities. Throughout his essay we see the transformation that Selzer has in identifying himself with spiritual healing. In the first section he is very much connected with scientific healing process, yet as it is challenged by Joe Riker, who introduces a new form healing-spiritual healing by a miracle- we see Selzers inner conflict in understanding this different form, then we see what was his challenged religion of cience be butchered and belittled as the syntax that followed it: Patty, buzz, suck, cut, then we see an inclination towards spiritual healing by the use of mythological allusion, and finally we see his full belief in the spirituality within. More importantly Selzer is able to complete his metaphorical bridge between science and religion and show his scientific praising audience that spiritual healing and faith are not only an alternative, but are of equal magnitude to scientific curing. If Selzer is able to be touched by divinity surely can the reader, the surgeon, and the scientist.

Activity 1.1.4 Digging With Deere Essays - Equipment,

Activity 1.1.4 Digging With Deere Purpose The number of people in production agriculture has decreased significantly over the past 250 years. This has happened due to new advances in science and technology. Many of those scientific advances have been in the area of agricultural mechanics. Agriculture has kept up with growing demands of its products by people using the engineering design process to construct machines and structures that are more productive. Designing and constructing new machines using the engineering design process provides thousands of career opportunities. People use the engineering design process to research, design, build, and test new machines, structures, and processes to increase agricultural production. The first step in the process is identifying the problem. Then engineers set requirements for solving the problem so they know when the problem is solved. Next, they build a prototype to test and compare to the requirements. If the prototype meets the requirements, they have solved the problem. This process is continual as people who use the machine identify new problems that demand new solutions. John Deere capitalized on many of the steps necessary to design, modify, and adapt his machine to the ever-changing demands in agriculture. Follow along the path of John Deere to see how he identified a problem and used the engineering process to solve it. Materials Per student: Pencil Agriscience Notebook Procedure Read the following biography on John Deere, an entrepreneur in agricultural mechanics. After reading the biography of John Deere, use Table 1 on Activity 1.1.4 Student Worksheet to record evidence of how John Deere used the engineering design process to design a more efficient plow. In 1836, facing depressed business conditions in Vermont and with a young family to care for, John Deere traveled to Grand Detour, Illinois, to make a fresh start. Resourceful and hardworking, his skills as a blacksmith were immediately in demand. The farmers on the prairie struggled to turn heavy clay soil with cast iron plows designed for light, sandy soil of New England. The days in the field were difficult because they had to interrupt their work to clean the sticky prairie soil off their cast-iron plows. John Deere was convinced a plow that was highly polished and properly shaped could clean itself as it cut furrows. One day, a broken steel sawmill blade gave him an idea. Deere made a moldboard out of the broken blade using his blacksmith skills. The moldboard is the curved metal blade that digs, cuts, and turns over the soil. While the original plow could only do a fraction of the work farmers can tackle with modern tillage equipment, it was high-tech at the time. John Deere shaped his plow blade differently than others. Deere put a great deal of thought into the shape and curve of his moldboard. Its contours would determine how well the plow turned over the soil. Production increased slowly at first, but Deere kept busy. He did a lot of work away from his forge. He tested his products and changed his designs based on suggestions from customers. By 1849, he was producing 2000 plows a year. Deere did not change the basic design until 1875 when he introduced the company's first riding plow. There were other riding plows on the market, but Deere's two-wheeled sulky soon became one of the most popular. Deere introduced the company's first three-wheeled plow in the mid 1880's. By the early 1890s, Deere was offering walking and riding plows in single-bottom to six-bottom gang versions. Since it took four or six horses to pull the two-bottom version, the six-bottom plow would need power that was available only with a steam tractor. Now, 175 years later, the company that grew out of the success of this innovative plow continues to manufacture advanced equipment to help those who work with the land to accomplish their tasks more efficiently and faster. Adapted from: Deere Company. (2015) John Deere's plow. Retrieved from http://www.deere.com/en_US/corporate/our_company/about_us/history/john_deere_plow/john_deere_plow.page? Conclusion How did John Deere use the engineering design process to improve his product? Why did John Deere need to change the design of his plow continually? What impact did John Deere's plow have on agricultural production? What other machines in agriculture have improved production? How could John Deere measure the efficiency of one of his prototypes to determine it was an improved product? Activity 1.1.4 Student Worksheet

Plague DBQ essays

Plague DBQ essays Between the 15th and 18th century, a plague was set on Europe and killed at least one third of the population. Not one single European knew what caused this to happen. Because they didn't know or have any scientific reasoning back then, they had religious and super-natural beliefs. Everyone had their own conclusion to what might've caused this or cam up with suppositional solutions and others with rational or irrational conclusions as well. Because people had their own opinions and concerns, things became even worse trying to make it for their own benefit. Each class had their own advantages and some unfortunately had their disadvantages. In 1484, Schoolmaster at Deventer, Netherlands, mentions and states that the plague "drove many others away" from school. (Doc 1) Some schools had both higher and lower classmen and because of this, the rich kids had the advantage. They were able to move to different areas of Europe and were able to pull themselves away from the plague and as for the lower classmen, they had the disadvantage of staying in the area were the plague is spreading. In addition, in 1521, Nicolas Versoris, French author who rote the Book of Reason said that, "since the rich fled, death was principally directed towards the poor." (Doc 3) It indicates how much greater of a chance the rich had to escape the plague. The lower class had a bigger chance of dying and suffering from the plague than the higher class. The only advantage the lower classmen had was to hope for the best outcome, but the higher classmen had the capabilit y of saving themselves and their families. There were other concerns and other beliefs but this time using science. In 1512, Erasmus of Rotterdam stated that "the plague and sickness in England is due to the filth in the streets" (Doc 2) This indicates the growing secularization of the science during the renaissance and the departure from super natural explanation of natural disasters. In addition, i ...

RATEOFDECOMPOSITIONOFHYDROGENPEROXIDE Lab Report

RATEOFDECOMPOSITIONOFHYDROGENPEROXIDE - Lab Report Example Therefore, hydrogen peroxide appears to exhibit a metastable characteristic in solution or its pure state (Egan and Nills, 2005). Oxygen evolution is rapid at room temperature and in concentrated solutions the released heat may increase the temperature so that an explosion occurs. On heating, hydrogen peroxide decomposes and it may be explosive. The stability of hydrogen peroxide at room temperature is attributed to the fact that the first step in its thermolysis involves the splitting of the molecule into hydroxide radicals whose formation demands much heat. Catalysts such as silver, gold, platinum, manganese dioxide act as heterogeneous catalysts whereas ions such as I-, IO-, OH-,Fe3+ or copper act as homogenous catalysts. Catalysis of hydrogen peroxide decomposition by iron ions is an important in redox catalysis. The steps in the process as demonstrated by Evgenil, Oleg and Gerts (2005), gives data on the mechanisms of redox catalysis. This decomposition is also important in processes in living organisms. The decomposition may be represented as below; 25 mL of the ten†volume hydrogen peroxide was dilute to about 200 ml with distilled water. A Dewar flask was rinsed with distilled water and then with a few mL of the dilute H2O2 solution. Hydrogen peroxide solution was added into the Dewar flask, and the solution temperature noted at a constant value. 10 ml of Fe3+(a) catalyst solution was added into the beaker while stirring gently. A stop watch was used to keep track of time. Thirty seconds after the addition of the catalyst, 10 mL aliquot of the reaction solution was pipetted and transferred into an Erlenmeyer flask containing 18 mL of 2 M H2SO4. The acid provides an acid medium for the titration and also quenches the decomposition reaction. 10 mL samples were draw from the reaction mixture at 5 min intervals and titrated with potassium permanganate. The titration reaction follows the

Management and leadership styles and issues including the effect these Essay

Management and leadership styles and issues including the effect these have on staff within clinical areas - Essay Example It leads group hard work towards accomplishment of pre-determined goals. By describing objectives of organization visibly, there would be no waste of time, effort and money. Management alters disorganized resources of human factor, machinery, money etc. into valuable enterprise. These resources are synchronized, focused and organized in such a manner that initiative work towards accomplishment of goals. Moreover, it inspires the optimal application of resources - Management employs all the physical & human resources effectively. This leads to effectiveness in management. Management allows us to achieve maximum utilization of limited resources by choosing its finest possible alternate use in business from out of a range of uses. It employs professionals and these services result in the proper use of their abilities, knowledge, and proper utilization and evade wastage. If employees and machines are manufacturing at their maximum, there will be no under employment of any resources. Mana gement also diminishes costs as it gets maximum results through minimum input by proper planning and by using minimum input and getting maximum output. Management uses physical, financial and human resources in a manner that leads to the best combination. This aids in the reduction of costs. In addition to that, management creates rigorous organizations as there is no overlying of energies through well-defined and synchronised roles. To establish a sound organizational arrangement is one of the objectives of management which is in sync with the organizational objectives and for execution of this, it launches effective authority & responsibility. Effective management creates equilibrium as it allows the organization to endure varying environment. It stays in collaboration with this changing environment. It is also accountable for growth as well as the survival of a business (Hesketh & Laidlaw, 2010). As far as leadership is concerned, it can be categorised as one of the most signific ant function of management which supports to maximize efficiency and attain organizational objectives. Leadership is basically influencing the thoughts, emotions and behaviours of people. Without leadership arguments and conflicts break out. Leadership plays a crucial role in maintaining unity. However it is necessary for leaders to be visionary. Leadership is very necessary in an administering the organization. According to Steve Jobs, ‘We can’t make everybody happy. It’s beyond our capability. But we can give them the opportunity to be happy.’ Leadership is vital within an organization for the staff in a variety of ways. Firstly, leadership helps in initiating action. A leader is an entity who initiates the work by sharing the plans and policies to the juniors from where the effort actually begins (Kotter & Cohen, 2002). Motivation is also an advantage as a leader validates to be playing an incentive part in the workings of the organization. They inspire the employees with economic as well as non-economic recompenses and thereby prosper in getting the work done from the subordinates. A leader has to not only accomplish and manage but also play a managerial role for the juniors. Guidance here means training the subordinates the way they have to achieve their

Compare and contrast marx and weber's theory of mondern domination Essay

Compare and contrast marx and weber's theory of mondern domination - Essay Example Marx argued that this is main feature of capitalism. Markets existed in Europe before the advent of capitalism where commodities were bought and sold. Capitalism developed as peasants became free to sell their labor power. They no longer possessed their own land. In return they received money which allows them to survive. He termed the peasants who sold their labor as â€Å"proletarians†. Marx stated that the struggle between capitalists and workers determines the wages in which victory is for the capitalists. The capitalists are more united and can live longer as compared with the workers (Tucker, 48). The wage rate determined by the capitalist is very low for the worker because it is at the subsistence level. It allows the worker to survive and support his family only. Capitalism also leads to production of men as commodities. The worker is treated like a commodity under the capitalist system. An excess supply of workers leads many to become beggars or starve. The life of th e worker is dependant on the whims and desires of the rich and capitalists. Any fluctuations in the market price make the worker lose everything. The capitalist can direct capital into another channel which forces the workers to submit to every demand of the capitalist (Tucker 52). Karl Marx stated the worker does not gain anything beneficial when the capitalist does, but he always loses when the latter loses. Marx explained that workers are eventually the losers because of the monopolies and trade secrets of the capitalist. The prices of labor are constant as compared with the prices of other commodities. The wages of the labor are different when compared with the profits of the capitalists. Marx believed that individual activity should be rewarded but capitalism denies that reward and is indifferent to individual activity. Generally Karl observed that workers have to

Affirmative Action Initiative in South Africa

Affirmative Action Initiative in South Africa Affirmative action is an initiative adopted by the South African government, which seeks to correct the imbalance of wealth and provide opportunities to the people who were adversely affected as a result of the apartheid regime. It has created a situation where organizations are required to meet specific employment targets for persons of colour in order to operate to the satisfaction of the state. As a result, these people are able to participate in the corporate environment at an accelerated rate. On the contrary, many white South Africans are finding it difficult to obtain their most select employment. The efficiency of affirmative action is best analyzed by assessing its objective of promoting black representation in the workplace and comparing it to empirical evidence. Figures provided by the government indicate that the unemployment rate has steadily declined annually since the inception of the study (September 2001). The September 2007 average unemployment rate of 23% is significantly lower than 29.4% in September 2001. This provides evidence that the policy is doing well to provide work to more South Africans. (www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0210/P0210September2007.pdf) However, a more in-depth study reveals the change in unemployment rates amongst each population group. The best results have been for black people with a decline from approximately 35% (September 2001) to 26.8% (September 2007). The Indian people in the country also improved from approximately 19% to 10% over the same period. White and coloured unemployment rates have remained relatively static over this period at approximately 5% and 20% respectively. This bodes well for black and Indian people and is a strong indicator that affirmative action is achieving its goals. The policy seems to be failing in its attempt to compensate the coloured population. (www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0210/P0210September2007.pdf) However, there are problems that are emerging from affirmative action that is having a detrimental effect on the performance on enterprises and the overall success of the economy. The instantaneous and rapid enactment of affirmative action has seen unqualified persons attaining important positions. Many of these people were/are incapable of fulfilling the roles they have been assigned. This has a negative impact on, firstly, the corporation employing these people as they incur costs without the required level of service from their employees. It also adversely affects the consumer, who is dependant upon those employed by organizations to make the best decisions in order to obtain maximum reward. A situation exists whereby unskilled employees are filling skilled positions. (www.sairr.org.za/press-office/institute-opinion) Another concern is that many white South Africans are leaving the country, resulting in a major shortage of fundamental skills. The South African Institute of Race Relations (SAIRR) revealed that between 1995 and 2005, one million white South Africans moved abroad. The lack of adequate services has left the country in desperate need of professionals. These people also served as mentors/teachers to inexperienced employees and accelerated their development in the organizations thus exacerbating the problem of their departure. (www.fin24.com/articles/default/display_article) Many contend that a weakness of the affirmative action policy is that it creates a minority of rich black people and does not help the rest (www.new.bbc.co.uk). The majority of the black population are unskilled workers without educations. These people are likely to struggle even with affirmative action in place as their employment options are limited to low income earning sectors due to educational and language problems. It is anticipated that the current generation of black children will reap the benefits of the policy. The government has put facilities in place to ensure these people are schooled and can attain funding for universities. These are the real beneficiaries of the system as their employment options are diverse. It would therefore seem that the efficiency of affirmative action should only be interpreted to a significant extent when the current black youth reaches adulthood. A contentious issue arises when deciphering whether affirmative action is fair. The reality is that apartheid deprived groups of basic needs such as education which hindered their development in the economy. It is necessary that policies are in place to accelerate their participation due to their unfortunate position. Therefore it seems fair that such policies are in place. The people of colour suffered through the white government. Many will never have a fair opportunity of creating a rich lifestyle for themselves. Affirmative action could be perceived to be unfair to the current and future white youth. These people are borne into a system whereby they are automatically limited in their options. The effective state of affairs is that many white people are paying the price for crimes for which they (the youth) did not commit and played no part. Although the task is more difficult, these people are still able to lead wealthy lifestyles in South Africa. One could engage the matter from another perspective with regards to ‘fairness’. Perhaps the current white generation are beneficiaries of the apartheid system. This is due to the fact that during that era, white people were able to acquire employment very easily which often paid high incomes. As a result, much of the white youth of South Africa have attended good schools and experienced financially stable upbringings. This has substantially increased their ability to attain a high level of education at universities leading to success in the working environment. Therefore, white people have an unfair advantage over others due to the inequalities of the past. It would therefore seem appropriate that this advantage were lessened, which is achieved through the affirmative action system. There is definite reason to believe that affirmative action has had a ‘demeaning’ effect on persons from all groups. On the one hand, many white people lose faith in their future as they get rejected by enterprises. This would likely result in a loss of confidence in not only the system but in themselves. White people would feel inadequate and begin to doubt their abilities. This presents a situation where affirmative action has impacted the self-esteem of individuals. Similar consequences could occur for persons of colour, although for different reasons. The fact that people are employed by organizations solely due to the colour of their skin may well have a negative psychological impact on these employees. They are made to feel undeserved of attaining their positions by much of the public through widespread publications in the media. At the same time, many of these employees are in fact incapable of performing the roles that they are required to do, exacerbating their feelings of unworthiness when asked to perform such functions. Therefore, the affirmative action policy is potentially depriving these people of natural emotions of success, especially feelings of self-pride or achievement in the workplace as well as a sense of belonging to their organizations. There is a key issue to analyze prior to assessing the overall accuracy of accusing affirmative action to be inefficient, unfair and demeaning. One needs to clarify the purpose of the policy which is best defined through court law, â€Å"The purpose of affirmative action is not to make identified victims (of past discrimination) whole, but rather to dismantle prior patterns of employment discrimination and to prevent discrimination in the future. Such relief is provided to the class as a whole rather than to individual members. No individual is entitled to relief and the beneficiaries need not show that they were victims of discrimination† (www.deneysreitz.co.za). The intentions of affirmative action are not to make white people worse off, but instead improve the economic position of other groups. There are no ideals in place that seek to harm or discriminate against white people. The other key question that must be asked is whether affirmative action is necessary for South Africa? The country suffers from widespread poverty, especially the black people. These people make up a majority of the population, yet they continuously struggle to assert themselves in the economy. There is an obvious need to alter the difficult living conditions of these people, both now and in the future. The long term solution to the survival and success of these groups is to get them involved actively. Affirmative action ensures that this occurs. The current ‘exodus’ of white people makes it even more important that persons of colour are learning the skills necessary to ensure South Africa is able to run effectively and experience adequate growth. Affirmative action cannot be perceived as unfair, it should rather be perceived as a necessary initiative for the benefit of the country as a whole. The white group should be willing to forfeit ‘absolute equality’ as a result of their past racism which greatly harmed and setback the country. However, as noted above, there are inefficiencies and demeaning repercussions that have emerged due to affirmative action. It is still too early to interpret overall efficiency. It would make sense to expect improvement in the future as more black children come through the educational system which creates a solid platform for their development and participation. It is clearly not a perfect method, but seems to be the best available solution to counter the current economic imbalance. References Statistics South Africa, Labour Force Survey, pg 11,24, September 2007, [Online],  Available: http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0210/P0210September2007.pdf [2008, June 3]. Deneys/Reitz Attorneys, Affirmative Action Case Law Developments, Sheet Metal Workers Industrial Association v EEOC, 11 May 2004 [Online],  Available: http://www.deneysreitz.co.za/seminars/item/affirmative_action_case_law_developments,446.html [2008, June 3]. Vuyo Jack, Business Report: The Income Gap is Closing but not Fast Enough, 16 March 2008, [Online],  Available: http://www.busrep.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=2512fArticleId=4304342 [2008, June 3]. Peet van Aardt, FIN24.com: Million Whites leave SA –Study, 24 September 2006, [Online], Available: http://www.fin24.com/articles/default/display_article.aspx?Nav=nsArticleID=1518-25_2003186 [2008, June 4]. South African Institute of Race Relations : Signs that South Africa’s affirmative action debate is growing up, [Online], Available:  http://www.sairr.org.za/press-office/institute-opinion/signs-that-south-africa2019s-affirmative-action-debate-is-growing-up.html [2008, June 4]. BBC News: SA Poverty Gap Remains, 27 July 2000, [Online], Available:  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/854306.stm [2008, June 4].

Hawthorn Paper :: essays research papers

Hawthorne’s Use of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne masterfully weaves many themes and character development to format the plot of this novel. The themes of The Scarlet Letter are carried out through symbolism and the four main characters: Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, and Pearl. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne hoped to show that although Hester and Dimmesdale sinned, they achieved the wisdom of self knowledge and inner growth through their suffering. Before the novel actually begins, there is a section of the book entitled "The Custom House". While this is not an essential part of the novel, it provides insight into Nathaniel Hawthorne and the story itself. Here the reader learns that Hawthorne’s ancestors were strict Puritans. One of his ancestors, Judge Hawthorne, was an actual judge during the Salem Witch Trials. Although Hawthorne did not actually live during the Puritan era, he still felt guilty of his ancestors’ actions. He was angered by the hypocrisy of the Puritan government and the Puritan church which condemned sins, yet committed them. This becomes apparent to the reader throughout the course of the novel. Hawthorne himself believed that "The Custom House" essay was primarily liable for the book’s popularity. "The Custom House," meeting the public’s stipulations for sunshine and substantiality, was, among other things, his way of making up for the unadorned dimness and ambiguity of his mythical and symbolic vision in the novel itself (Crowley 20). Hawthorne seems to have desired to accomplish something more than a frame or penned in tale with the use of "The Custom House" in The Scarlet Letter (Tharpe 63). Every character re-enacts the "Custom House" scene in which Hawthorne himself contemplated the letter, so that the entire "romance" becomes a kind of exposition of the nature of symbolic perception (Kaul 67). A large fraction of the opening chapter is appointed to the rosebush and to some weeds that grow next to the prison. Hawthorne assumes that a wild rose beside the prison door may help to symbolize some fresh virtuous blossom, that may be found along the path, or relieve the drowning ending of an account of human fragility and anguish (Waggoner 119). In the opening chapters the scarlet "A" upon Hester Prynne’s bosom is the object of the entire community. The minds of the general public are confirmed in the mold of Puritan thought, and the real Hester for them is the adulteress. Hawthorn Paper :: essays research papers Hawthorne’s Use of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne masterfully weaves many themes and character development to format the plot of this novel. The themes of The Scarlet Letter are carried out through symbolism and the four main characters: Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, and Pearl. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne hoped to show that although Hester and Dimmesdale sinned, they achieved the wisdom of self knowledge and inner growth through their suffering. Before the novel actually begins, there is a section of the book entitled "The Custom House". While this is not an essential part of the novel, it provides insight into Nathaniel Hawthorne and the story itself. Here the reader learns that Hawthorne’s ancestors were strict Puritans. One of his ancestors, Judge Hawthorne, was an actual judge during the Salem Witch Trials. Although Hawthorne did not actually live during the Puritan era, he still felt guilty of his ancestors’ actions. He was angered by the hypocrisy of the Puritan government and the Puritan church which condemned sins, yet committed them. This becomes apparent to the reader throughout the course of the novel. Hawthorne himself believed that "The Custom House" essay was primarily liable for the book’s popularity. "The Custom House," meeting the public’s stipulations for sunshine and substantiality, was, among other things, his way of making up for the unadorned dimness and ambiguity of his mythical and symbolic vision in the novel itself (Crowley 20). Hawthorne seems to have desired to accomplish something more than a frame or penned in tale with the use of "The Custom House" in The Scarlet Letter (Tharpe 63). Every character re-enacts the "Custom House" scene in which Hawthorne himself contemplated the letter, so that the entire "romance" becomes a kind of exposition of the nature of symbolic perception (Kaul 67). A large fraction of the opening chapter is appointed to the rosebush and to some weeds that grow next to the prison. Hawthorne assumes that a wild rose beside the prison door may help to symbolize some fresh virtuous blossom, that may be found along the path, or relieve the drowning ending of an account of human fragility and anguish (Waggoner 119). In the opening chapters the scarlet "A" upon Hester Prynne’s bosom is the object of the entire community. The minds of the general public are confirmed in the mold of Puritan thought, and the real Hester for them is the adulteress.

The Top Job

A vast empire. An empire of widespread globalization with profitable dominance. A transfixed figure stands on the 56th floor of his own tower, gazing at the stretched New York City skyline, a feeling of self satisfaction and accomplishment runs through his body like the shiver down fear's victim's spine. He smirks, and then swallows some of his manly pride, while turning to the attention of other white collared men. However unlike his contemporaries, who are content for a ‘major minor' role, he knows there are none in this room, none down the hall and none in this building could ever challenge his job, what job? The ‘top job.' Two floors down, amongst the hustle and bustle of productive workplace, a young man stares almost blankly but in awe at his computer screen whilst in the secrecy of his office. ‘PARKER: HE CAME, HE SAW, HE OWNS ALL' reads the truthful headline, and with swift disgust he turns away. Head in his hands, tired, he sighs violently, then looks out his office window for some consultation or consolation. Coming towards his office a tall, olive skinned figure of beauty and purity may be the provider of both. ‘Tough night for you?' she inquires sarcastically as she enters the room with poise. ‘Give me a break Tara, how can I sleep with this tyrant steals my limelight?' he says with disgust but caution. ‘Come on Brad, take a look at yourself, and look around this office, this floor. You're better than this. You deserve more than this. Not even a spot on the board of directors? Instead they give you this and look at yourself†¦.I'd like to see Sonny Parker lying in the gutter with†¦.' ‘Enough Tara!' Brad exclaimed with anger but disappointment. ‘Sonny has been a good friend to me, how can you say these things. Sure he got promoted and since then he's taken everything I've ever wanted to achieve†¦. (Sigh)†¦ He deserves it Tara' he mellowed, while slumping back into his chair. Upon hearing this Tara began to proceed to the door, but after a second of though, she violently grabbed Brad by his puffed cheeks. ‘Listen to me you poor excuse for a man!' she screamed with vection. ‘You deserve more than this, you are so much better than this. Think what we could achieve together if we destroyed Parker and took is place, we could†¦' ‘Destroy him†¦Take his place?†¦.' he pondered this in confusion but also with deep curiosity. He was an ambitious man, but was this time to act? ‘Yes Brad, we can achieve this together. You can be the man with the top job, the quarterback, the coach, all in one†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.And maybe we can be together?' she slowly suggested while she moved her hands ever so gently, Brad tingled. He then stared into her radiant eyes and confidently mumbled, ‘Ok Tara, let's put this bastard to the sword, take his job, his money and his undeserving credit. Then let's share our fortunes together and†¦' Before he could outline the tale of his plans, Tara embraced him passionately and sexually, then she slowly but gracefully left the office with a feeling of satisfaction and achievement. Brad resumed his slumped position but grinned under the cover of his still innocent hands. The bell dinged while the dark screen became illuminated with the number '56'. Four people walked out after the doors reluctantly slid open. The first three walked away in ignorance just aware that they were in the presence of other white collared individuals like themselves, working for the good of the company. Tara though walked with great confidence and in a manner of personal pursuit. She wasn't like the others, contempt for a spot on the payroll, she wanted a role of power. To her there was no good or evil, there was only power and the weak. As she strode with convection towards the end of the floor to a waiting secretary, she was the attention of many males, but she marvelled in this, as men were now only ‘playthings' to her. ‘I have an appointment with Mr. Parker' she instructed to the simple secretary. ‘Oh yes, Ms. Banks, Mr. Parker will see you now, please proceed inside to his office.' Tara half ignoring her, swooped into the office like the vulture stalking its prey. Sonny, sitting, like the king on his throne welcomed her. ‘Mr. Parkes, an honour to see you again.' ‘Please Ms Banks, the pleasure is all mine. Why a woman of stature and beauty, the honour is all mine. Tell me my darling, what brings you here?' She then in a movement of precision came towards him and sat in his ‘excited' lap. ‘Sonny, I've lured our friend Brad James into thinking he can take you down. He thinks he can destroy you and take control of the company. Act now honey; confront him before he grows stronger in confidence and self assurance. With him gone we can run this company together, the power, the money, the lot.' Beneath the cover of countless irrelevant folders in a drawer Sonny reached for a dark, rigid, hard item. ‘It will be done Tara, we have no more threats to fear.' ‘Click Click' The pistol locked into its fateful position. Brad examined it saw it as the tool to success. His fate and destiny was locked away inside the trigger, now he was the puppet master and pulling this string would bring about the final curtain on his destiny. A thump on the door, one like the landlord seeking his late payments, awakened Brad from his transfixed state. The entrance was unexpected and unprecedented as Sonny entered with determination. Brad was unsure of the visit and questions began to arise. ‘Nice to see you Mr. Parker once again' Brad opened with limited enthusiasm. ‘The pleasure is mine Brad' Sonny responded with even less convection. Both became mute as they gazed into open air. The tension rose like the morning sun. Two adversaries driven by the temptation of beauty stared each off like two lone rangers at high noon. Brad moved his hand away from the radar of Sonny and reached for the reassurance of his pistol. ‘I'm sure gonna miss working with you Sonny' Brad whimpered falsely. With these lying words Sonny found refuge in the corner of his pocket with the cold grip of steel. ‘You have no idea Brad, no idea how much this is going to hurt me' ‘Ms Banks, the media is waiting for you mam' ‘Thanks Miss O'Neal' Tara smiled then took one more glance at the headline. TWO XON INSURNACE BOSSES DIE IN SHOOT OUT, TARA BANKS TAKES CONTROL OF COMPANY. She had prevailed, and with this feeling of relief and heartless satisfaction she turned to face her new audience, the press.

Freewriting in English Composition

Freewriting in English Composition In composition, freewriting is a discovery (or prewriting) strategy intended to encourage the development of ideas without concern for the conventional rules of writing. Also called  stream-of-consciousness writing. Put another way, freewriting is like warming-up on a pitcher’s mound or tossing a few baskets before the real game begins. There’s no pressure because there are no rules, and nobody is keeping score. When freewriting, advises Peter Elbow in Writing Without Teachers, Never stop to look back, to cross something out, to wonder how to spell something, to wonder what word or thought to use, or to think about what you are doing. Freewriting Freewriting is the easiest way to get words on paper and the best all-around practice in writing that I know. To do a freewriting exercise, simply force yourself to write without stopping for ten minutes. Sometimes you will produce good writing, but that’s not the goal. Sometimes you will produce garbage, but that’s not the goal either. You may stay on one topic; you may flip repeatedly from one to another: it doesn’t matter. Sometimes you will produce a good record of your stream of consciousness, but often you can’t keep up. Speed is not the goal, though sometimes the process revs you up. If you can’t think of anything to write, write about how that feels or repeat over and over I have nothing to write or Nonsense or No. If you get stuck in the middle of a sentence or thought, just repeat the last word or phrase till something comes along. The only point is to keep writing. . . .The goal of freewriting is in the process, not the product.(Peter Elb ow, Writing With Power: Techniques for Mastering the Writing Process, 2nd ed. Oxford Univ. Press, 1998) Start Writing You can sit there, tense and worried, freezing the creative energies, or you can start writing something, perhaps something silly. It simply doesnt matter what you write; it only matters that you write. In five or ten minutes, the imagination will heat, the tightness will fade, and a certain spirit and rhythm will take over.(Leonard S. Bernstein,  Getting Published: The Writer in the Combat Zone. William Morrow, 1986) Planners and Plungers Roy Peter Clark of the Poynter Institute, a midcareer school for journalists, and Don Fry, a freelance writing coach, divide writers into planners and plungers. Like Don, Im a planner who likes to know the central point and general organization of what hes about to write before he types the first line. Roys a plunger. So sometimes he just jumps into a topic and starts writing whatever comes to mind. After a while, a focus emerges. Then he backs out, throws away most of what hes written, and starts over. He calls that first round of writing a vomit draft.In more polite circles, thats called freewriting.(Jack R. Hart, A Writers Coach: An Editors Guide to Words That Work. Random House, 2006) Freewriting in a Journal Freewriting can be compared to the warming-up exercises that athletes perform; freewriting limbers up the muscles of your mind gets you in the mood, undams the stream of language.  Here is a bit of practical advice: if you have mental writers cramp, merely sit down with your  journal  and start entering words in it, just as they pop into your mind; dont even think about sentences necessarily, but fill a complete page of your journal with spontaneously discovered words. There is a good chance that this uncontrolled, effortless writing will begin to assume a direction that you can follow.(W. Ross Winterowd,  The Contemporary Writer: A Practical Rhetoric, 2nd ed., Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981) Freespeaking If you are better at talking out than writing out your ideas, try freespeaking, the talking version of freewriting. Begin by speaking into a tape recorder or into a computer with voice-recognition software, and just keep talking about your topic for at least seven to ten minutes. Say whatever comes to your mind, and dont stop talking. You can then listen to or read the results of your freespeaking and look for an idea to pursue at greater length.(Andrea Lunsford, The St. Martins Handbook, Bedford/St. Martins, 2008)

Film in the early 20th Century essays

Film in the early 20th Century essays The Marx Brothers were three American brothers who became famous for their zany antics in motion pictures. Trained as musicians, they began their careers in vaudeville with their mother and aunt as the Six Musical Mascots. Leonard Marx (Chico) Born: 3/22/1887- 10/11/1961- Specialized in distorted logic and Italian dialect routines. He also played the piano, in a brothel. Adolph Marx (Harpo) Born: 11/23/1888 - 9/28/1964- played the harp and chased around girls. He communicated in pantomime. Played a solo tour in the Soviet Union. Julius Marx (Groucho) Born: 10/2/1890 - 8/19/1977- bushy brow, leader of the group, known for his wild wisecracks and puns. He had a caustic wit and appeared with a cigar and moustache. The most independently famous Marx Brother, Groucho was the most human, the one who actually seemed to have emotions Herbert Marx (Zeppo) Born: 2/25/1901 11/30/1979 He sold an invention to the United States Air Force. Milton Marx- (Gummo) Born: 1893-1977- the fifth Marx Brother The feature film debut of the Marx Brothers, taken from their hit Broadway comedy, finds the quartet in a run-down Florida hotel, where owner Groucho insults guests, woos Margaret Dumont, and vainly tries to auction off "choice" resort property. Features the infamous "Why a duck?" routine. The Four Marx Brothers in a zany tale involving high society parties, a stolen painting, African explorers, young lovers, and a manic game of bridge. With Margaret Dumont, Lillian Roth, and the song "Hooray for Captain Spaulding." It's anything but smooth sailing for the Four Marx Brothers when they stowaway on an ocean liner in this, their first comedy written expressly for the screen. Gobs, gangsters and gals galore in this gem of Marxian comedy mania. the pinnacle of Marxian madness. Groucho is ...

Chapter 11 Reorganization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chapter 11 Reorganization - Essay Example 2. Background Rural/Metro Corporation is considered to be one of the largest private organizations and is engaged with providing emergency ambulance and fire safety services in the US. It operates in more than 21 states in the country and is estimated to provide services to more than 1.5 million emergency calls. Established in the year 1948, the prime motive of Rural/Metro Corporation has been to provide fire protection services in return of a small subscription fee, in those areas where no emergency facilities existed. Gradually, it became one of the largest medical emergency and fire protection providers. Consequentially, it was made public in the year 1993. Currently, it is owned by Warburg Pincus, LLC, a private equity management firm. The prime economic factor that resulted in filing for Chapter 11 by the organization, owed from inappropriate capital structure, which was formed under different economic conditions resulting in huge interest payment to the creditors (Rural/Metro C orporation, 2013; Indystar.com, 2013). 3. Financial Forecast of Rural/Metro Corporation for Five (5) Years Rural/Metro Corporation is considered to be one of the largest and the most consistent performer in the stock market. The organization has been found to implement new strategies every year that helped in making the financial conditions of the organization stronger. But, it was observed that after the acquisition of the organization by Warburg Pincus, LLC, the organization faced financial problems resulting from inappropriate capital structure that further was connoted as the consequence of rapid fluctuation in the economic condition of the country. According to the annual report of Rural/Metro 2010, it was viewed that the total revenue earned by the company amounted to US$ 133,513,000, which was much more in comparison to 2011-2012 (Rural/Metro Corporation, 2013). With reference to the above mentioned data gathered from the annual report of Rural/Metro for three consecutive yea rs i.e. 2010, 2011 and 2012, it can be viewed that lack of proper financial planning and the increasing rate of interest that was to be paid to the creditors, made the organization file for Chapter 11. However, if proper guidelines and planning were made after the reorganization, it can be stated that Rural/Metro would have been in a better financial position for the coming five years (Rural/Metro Corporation, 2013). 4. Evaluation of the Key Debt Reorganization The key type of debt reorganization that the company had selected to pay of the debts was by making agreements with lenders and bondholders. This technique is considered to be one of the best and simplest methods of collecting funds usually by borrowing or through an agreement. It is also worth mentioning that the agreement is done on a mutual understanding between both the parties, which does not make the borrower liable to pay the borrowed money before the time mentioned in the agreement (Indystar.com, 2013; Krueger, 2002). Theoretically, the three types of debt restructuring processes include general debt restricting, troubled debt restricting and corporate debt restricting. Comparatively, corporate debt restricting can be considered as one of the most beneficial methods for creditors. The main reason behind this is that in this method, the creditors either reduce the rate of interests or

Sula Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sula - Essay Example It begins in the year 1919 and proceeds with chapters titled 1920, 1922.1927,1937 and so on to the year 1965. Each chapter represents a particular event around which resolves the past ,present and future significance. The narrative unfolds like a firmly interwoven oral folktale. In this novel the past present and future collapse into a kind of synchronic action. The setting in Sula is an isolated neighborhood called â€Å"The Bottom†, but it is a neighborhood of recent historical past and therefore â€Å"The Bottom and its inhabitants assume, like a narrative itself, a mythological quality. They and their environment are drawn from the rich tradition of black folktale and legend. However the inhabitants of â€Å"the Bottom are not often prey to the extreme seduction of dominant culture. Patrick Bryce Bjorn in the â€Å" The Novels of Tonni Morrison: The search for self and Place within the community says that , instead they are presented as having a world of their own , and thus the delimiting of an external gaze and the valorization of black values and traditions further emphasize Morrison’s singular concern for black life†. Morrison. in all her novels likes to examine the community and its characters. It has become a familiar motif in all her novels. In Sula this motif is played conspicuously in the dialectal tension between communities as monolithic status. The novel has the family of self sustaining black female characters Matriarch, Eva Peace , her daughter Hanna and her granddaughter ,the protagonist of the novel Sula Peace, who combine to provide the oppositional energy to redefine both selfhood and black womanhood. The novel begins with the end to â€Å"The Bottom â€Å"a neighborhood once isolated from and eventually destroyed by white progress in Medallion City, Ohio . A master gave this â€Å"the Bottom to slave and it was considered as a gift given to his master to his former slave. He made them believe that the land is wor thwhile because it is closer to heaven .thus there grows a particular community. But there is a threat from the white that they decided t builds golf course there. The first living being introduced to the reader is Shadreack who returns to the Bottom. He in order to overcome fears of death invents National Suicide Day. He is a representative of who dislike war. Sula the protagonist is friendly with Nel. They are from different family set ups. Nel is from a conventional family. The theme of friendship is treated effectively in this novel. The converging point in the novel is the death of a boy Chicken Little while playing with Sula and Nel. They hide this fact. But guilt conscious arise in the mind is Sula. She considers herself as responsible for the death of the boy, She is suffering from acute feeling that she is an evil character. At the sane time Nel develops a positive attitude to life and she slowly began to move away from Sula. Soon we find that Sula’s mother dies of b urning. When Sula takes a different path of fierce independence and total disregard for social conventions Nel takes the path of a peaceful married life. Sula leaves the bottom for ten more years. During that time she makes affairs with especially white man. When she returns to â€Å"The Bottom† the people considers her as a figure of evil, particularly because of her interracial relations. She even develops relation with Nel’s husband Jude. Jude abandons Nel for that. Later when Sula dies Nel herself blames herself admits her

Prostitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Prostitution - Essay Example The organization gives the facts on prostitution that are all in favor of my argument. One of the missions and the major aim for the organization is on the protection of the children from trafficking for sexual exploitation in the name of prostitution. This is child defilement and the organization is strongly active and advocates so much on this kind of prostitution (Ronald 2012). It is quite important to highlight a con side of my argument by saying that prostitution is a perceived to be a victimless crime. This is so as it develops bad sexual scenes where the human rights are violated and the people are obliged to engage in various sexual behaviors that are not healthy. With an argument that they receive money in the name of prostitution, they have to admit on their own consent an not admitting because of the pressure that they receive from the people they call their customers. It is also important to highlight that a research that was conducted by the International Labor Organization (ILO) found out that majority of the prostitutes are women and that they involve themselves in the act with the view of getting income. It is therefore considered to be an evil act in the society as it does not pass good morals to the society (Ronald 2011). Another bad consequence and repercussion of the act is the case whereby the prostitutes go for the HIV/AIDS testing nearly every week and the results of the test turn out to be negative. This can be so for about three months and in the long run the person infects a large number of people before being found negative. This is a wrong implication of prostitution and the adverse effects of the disease are also known. It affects the economy, society and the political climate too (Sheila 2009). Based on my reasoning of the negatives of the act, it is therefore quite evident that the act does not help our economy in the right way. This is so as

Music History Essay Example for Free

Music History Essay Music, as they say, is a universal language. Unlike dialects, music can be understood by many sans, the lyrics spoken in a different country. The simple humming of a child, done in mostly minor chords, can make everyone feel a little emotional or sad. A happy song filled with trumpets, saxophones and lively guitar tabs can make people excited and get them all to dance. Music can unite people regardless of their age, gender and race, which is why it is considered a universal language. Through Those Years The history of music dates back before the 1800s, but that is only to put a legal timeline to the evolution of music. Since music is universal, it is then safe to say that it has started even in the beginning of the world. The first human beings, or the first animals, for that matter, depended on sounds that make up a structure filled with patterns that were easily remembered, which conveyed a meaning and made people do things like hunt for food, identify where the predator or the prey is, or go where they should go. Music was a sign and a symbol that represented something (Murray, 2004, p. 773). Technically, though, music before the 1800s existed already, in a more technical sense of the concept. Music was then not just a collection of different sounds. It became a study where people researched about it. During the 18th century, the book entitled History of Music was written and published by GB Martini. Its original title was Storia Della Musica. Other books followed after GB Martins, and among the many books that were published after the first one were De Cantu de Musica Sacra and Scriptores Ecclesiastici de Musica Sacra. The types of music being studied, during these times, were classified as sacred music (Murray, 2004, p. 773). During 1800-1950, the evolution of music can be seen and musical history was being more defined. It didn’t take too long when Johannes Wolf started to do more studies about music, specifically the type of sound that emerged during the Medieval and the Renaissance times. Musicologists depended much on the studies conducted by Johannes Wolf. Because of this, a branch of art called historical musicology was termed and developed. This branch of study became a significant part of the Baroque music. It also became an instrument to the development of music during the Medieval and the Renaissance era. In particular, the movement of original performance has a lot to do with the scholarship associated with the history of music. Musicology became a big part of the arts, and became more and more developed as time passed by. It soon became a field of study. Consequently, journals, researches, articles and new analyses are being developed to branch them out altogether, in order to produce more studies to be published. Music was being more defined as years went by, and it was spreading like fire all over the world (Murray, 2004, p. 773). Ancient Music To understand the history of music and how it changes, it is then best to use a chronology to explain the turn of events. First there was ancient music. This type of music reflects all the types of music that developed in the different parts of the globe, like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Rome, Greece, China, India and Persia. In fact, music was already popular and rich in countries like Rome, Greece and Mesopotamia. Whatever was audible to the people were characterized through basic scales and tones, and then came music. Music spread throughout history through systems, either written or oral (West, 1994, p. 13). The definition of ancient music differs from time to time because of how much music is already revolving, and is continuously revolving. Today, if one defines ancient music, he can say that it is the modern sound that still resembles whatever is folk and traditional in that country. Today, there are modern sounds that Muslims, Egyptians, Jews, Asians, Persians, and Indians produce, but still has not left behind the oldest and most basic of original ancient music (West, 1994, p. 13). Persia, for example, flute, lute and guitars were already being played. Religious rituals were not complete in Persia without music. Music was significant in the lives of the Persians, especially in their spiritual life. It was in Mesopotamia where the first traces of writing were seen. It was the same time when researchers and historians traced instructions for music. The traces were fragmentary, but the authorities were sure that there was music during this time in this place. In fact, music was in made in thirds when it comes to harmony. The scales of the musical pieces produced were even diatonic (Leichtentritt, 2007, p. 14). Up to this day, though, how the researchers can interpret the symbols in the ancient Mesopotamia is not a hundred percent clear. There are still controversies that have yet to be discussed and settled. The interpretation of the symbols remains to be vague. But one thing is sure; all the notations made on the cuneiform tablets were clearly that of the tunings and strings of a musical instrument called a lyre. It was also during this time when harps were invented and became a big part of the history of music (Leichtentritt, 2007, p. 14). In India, ancient music was also active. Indians were always enthusiastic when it comes to the type of musical instrument they were playing. Musical instruments were all around India. This can be proven by how much instruments were amassed from the Indus valley civilization. Archaeological sites can prove all these. Indians had forms of music that includes Samaveda, Rigveda and Samagana. Their music was characterized from hymns, verses and melodies. It was in religious rituals where music was used the most. Indian music had basic ingredients to make a sound â€Å"Indian. † During the first part of a song, Shadja is always established. The grama, in this case, is being defined. Grama is the Indian term for the note of the scale. Indian music also lives by the two principles of consonance, which involves Avinashi and Avilopi. Avinashi is a fundamental note that should always be present in a musical piece, and with Avilopi it means that the note should never change, and that it should always stay there in that particular music piece, according to Leichtentritt (2007, p. 14). Greek’s music has evolved through time. The Greeks have original musical notation style. They developed their own, no matter how robust it is. While it is true that the best musicians in Greece did not necessarily use their musical notations produced originally, it cannot be denied that a lot of Romans and Greeks still use of that original musical notation. Greek music was not exactly monophonic, although this was almost established with their style of music (West, 1994, p. 13). There was always more than just a note to be sounded at a similar time. Double pipes and bag pipes were mostly used. These can be proven also by the ancient drawings seen on the vases and the walls of Greece. Even the oldest Greek books had authors who were able to describe what different musical techniques were being used during these times. Double flutes were also popular in Greece (West, 1994, p. 13). Middle Eastern After the Ancient music came the Middle Eastern music. Middle Eastern music was rich in that it was characterized by different styles from different regions. When one goes to the Middle East, there are different types of music that can be seen, like â€Å"zajal, Turkish folk music, Turkish classical music, sha’abi, Sufi music, rapbesk, rnbesk. Somali music, pizmonim, Persian folk, Nubian music, mawwal, Kurdish music, Egyptian Chaabi and el-Gil, Egyptian Classical music, Berber music, Arabic Andalusian, Arabesque music, Arabic rap, Arabic pop, Algerian rai and Arabic Classical Music (Stanley, 1997, p. 126). † The Islam community displays its great influence coming from the Middle East music. In fact, as the Islam used music in their rituals, Middle Eastern music spread even more quickly. The identity of Middle Eastern music is defined from the melody which is still present today in modern Middle Eastern pop and liturgical music (Stanley, 1997, p. 126). Classical Music Music evolves all around the world. In the West, music has gone a long way from the classical compositions of great masters like Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Carl Philipp Emanuel Back, and Franz Schubert to the catchy modern pop songs of today. It’s kind of hard to imagine how music has evolved from those grand compositions to the contemporary quirky beats we listen to today, but that just proves how quickly music transforms according to the needs of the people (Stanley, 1997, p. 154). The Classical period in the West dates from about 1750 to 1820. Classical music refers to various styles of music with roots in the secular and liturgical European musical traditions of the 9th century. This type of music is characterized by romantic melodies using instruments like violins and flutes (Stanley, 1997, p. 154). One striking characteristic of classical music is its elegance. This elegance is achieved by the composers’ close attention to balance and proportion. For this reason, classical music never becomes obsolete. Up to now, many people around the world, whether they live in the West or not, still listen to classical music. Some people study their structures and attempt to recreate classical music using modern instruments. Others simply enjoy their relaxing melodies, which may aid them to concentrate on their tasks or even sleep better. There is even a concept called â€Å"Mozart effect†, as explained by Stanley (1997), which says that children who are exposed to the classical music of the great genius that is Mozart are able to concentrate more on their tasks, thus resulting in better performance in school. This is just one example of the newly discovered benefits of music that are surprising ordinary people and experts around the world (Stanley, 1997, p. 8). Western Music through the Years As the power of the West became stronger and reached farther into different corners of the globe, music itself has gained the imprints of Western culture. More and more people heard and recognized the merits of Western music. Countries that were once colonies of Western countries are especially influenced by Western music because the language barrier is weaker. Today, the dominant music is the world comes from the West. Classical, blues, jazz, rock, hip-hop, ballads, R n B – all of these have roots in the West. The amazing thing is that since music is universal, people of different races and cultures around the world can appreciate these Western genres of music. Western music may influence local music, but the traditional character of music never goes away. For instance, in Japan today, pop music has obvious Western overtones, but most pop hits are all sung in Japanese. J-pop, as Japanese pop is locally called, is influenced by Western music in a lot of ways, but its characteristics are still a lot different from Western pop music. The Music of the ‘40s and ‘50s The invention and mass production of radios during the 1940s and 1950s facilitated an amazing development in musical styles. In many ways, World War II has also changed the face of music dramatically as people expressed their disappointments and rebelliousness against the war through music (Melton and Weinstein, 2001, p. 17). Rock and roll has its roots in the 1940s, along with other musical genres such as country, jazz, swing, folk, and boogie woogie. In the United States, different musical styles were expressed by different races. Blacks had difficulty hitting the mainstream until the king of rock and roll, Elvis Presley, sang rock and R n B. Elvis was able to show the whites the excellent beats of rock music, which made its crossover into mainstream a lot easier. Elvis eventually became one of the biggest icons of rock and roll in the United States and around the world (Melton and Weinstein, 2001, p. 17). The Music of the ‘60s and ‘70s Music received huge social influences again during the 1960s and the 1970s because of the Vietnam war, the Cold War, and the spread of the Civil Rights movement. During this period, music clearly became a platform for various causes, including feminism, race empowerment, sexual freedom, and other liberal ideas (Frith, et. al. , 2001, p. 77). There are many musical icons that gained fame during this tumultuous period in musical history. Musicians like Joan Baez and Bob Dylan pioneered new techniques in lyrical composition. These new techniques inspired more artists such as Cat Stevens, Carole king, Elton John, and James Taylor to create their own groundbreaking chart-topping hits. The ‘60s were filled with R n B hits that were a combination of secular and gospel music. Different kinds of soul music emerged in this time, including Philly soul, Memphis soul and Motown. Popular artists such as Marvin Gaye and James Brown also found fame and fortune in the 1960s (Frith, et. al. , 2001, p. 77). Of course, music in the 1960s and 1970s cannot be discussed without mentioning the band that is probably one of the biggest influences of contemporary music: The Beatles. John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr drew huge crowds to their concerts and sold millions through their hits. The band not only became huge in England, but also in the United States and in other countries as far as the Philippines (Frith, et. al. , 2001, p. 74). One of the amazing things about The Beatles is their ability to change the musical landscape. While their early hits had rhythms and melodies that have the basics of rock and roll, their later albums explored new horizons. Their album, Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band was ranked by Rolling Stones magazine as the greatest album of all time. This recognition is due to the immense influence of this album on the musical styles of later genres of music (Frith, et. al. , 2001, p. 74). Music of the ‘80s and the ‘90s Western music continued to gain wide acceptance around the world during the 1980s. New Wave, hip-hop, punk rock, and heavy metal increased their markets and new musical stars were born. New Wave experimented with electronic sound and catchy, playful beats which people danced to. The various styles of rock music provided the youth the avenue to express their adventurousness and rebelliousness against the fast-paced modern world. During the 1990s, grunge musicians led by the band Nirvana took center stage in the music world. Their honest and rough lyrics reflecting the confusion and apathy of the youth, and their loud, distorted riffs gained millions of fans in the United States. Meanwhile, hip-hop also gained wider popularity as hip-hop stars such as Dr. Dre and Puff Daddy broke into the music scene with fresh raps and rhythms (Chambers, 2002, p. 166). The 1990s were also notable for the huge popularity of boy bands, which are boy groups that sang ballads with catchy beats and lyrics. Some of these boy bands included Backstreet Boys, NSYNC, Westlife, and A1. Boy bands became hugely popular because of their romantic songs which people can sing and dance to. Another group that is worth noting is the Spice Girls who originated from the United Kingdom. This group symbolized the power of women through their songs and videos. Interestingly, the Spice Girls were a hit for both males and females. After the Spice Girls, many other girl bands soon formed, but none of them reached their extraordinary level of popularity (Chambers, 2002, p. 166). The State of Music Today Today, contemporary music is still strongly influenced by the West. Pop, rock, hip-hop, R n B, and other genres have Western musicians leading the pack. Local music in different countries, though, are also gaining wider acceptance by fusing with the dominant music of the West or borrowing some of its elements. Music today is also crisper and clearer; thanks to the high level of technology that humans have achieved through science. Albums are released in CDs or DVDs, and they can also be downloaded on the Internet. Storage of music became a lot simpler, too. Before, you need bulky gramophone records to store music. Now, all you need is a tiny universal serial bus (USB) storage device to archive all the music you want. MP3 players have also made listening to music easier since these devices can be worn or slip inside a pocket. People can now go anywhere listening to their favorite songs. The West has no monopoly over music, though. All around the world, many people are rediscovering the beauty of their own local melodies, and they are breathing new life into them again in the form of world music. This musical style makes use of indigenous instruments and they usually are not accompanies by lyrics. Less popular genres like this are usually produced by independent producers, thus the term â€Å"indie. † Indie though, has its own market and continues to grow in popularity as people try to taste new musical types (Chambers, 2002, p. 166). The Human Experience of Music People change as music transforms as we’ve seen in our discussion of the long continuing history of music. Music is an expression of the culture that gives birth to it, and it constantly bends as various influences impinge upon it. It is an art form that never stays the same, but evolves through time. Music though doesn’t transform on its own. Historical events shape music as they shape the lives of people. The art form becomes a reflection of the hopes, dreams, and grievances of the people that create and listen to it. We can see this clearly in the rebellious attitude of the music from the ‘40s and ‘50s because of World War II, and the free spirit of the music from the ‘60s and ‘70s as it protested against the Vietnam War and the Cold War (Frith, et. al. , 2001, p. 77). In many ways, musicians deliberately voice out their protests through the songs that they sing. For example, John Lennon’s â€Å"Imagine† is a clear reaction to the dangers of the Cold War and other social inequalities at that time (Frith, et. al. , 2001, p. 77). However, music doesnt always send clear messages all the time. In fact, most of the time, composers unconsciously express their sentiments and the sentiments of their generation through the beat of their songs, or through their melodies. Perhaps the greatest thing about music is its universality. Since everyone can appreciate good music, the art form traverses national and ethnic boundaries, bridging people together no matter where they come from. Good music will always be good music regardless of a person’s educational or cultural background. Of course, a person may need to expose himself repeatedly to a new genre to appreciate its beauty. But it’s not difficult to do that if the genre is indeed good. The universality of music is now more apparent than ever before because of the Internet. Musical influences are easier to share ever since artists living in opposite sides of the globe can listen to each other’s work. It’s not only artists though who benefit from the cyberspace, but also the listeners. Downloadable MP3 songs are all over the Internet, some of them free, others for sale for a small price. With a click of a mouse, a person online can listen to Middle Eastern music, classical music, rock and roll, hip-hop, world music, or whatever genre he wants. Music is bringing people closer and closer to each other. Time and space are quickly becoming negligible factors as people find satisfaction and comfort in just enjoying different musical styles. Old styles themselves are disappearing as traditional barriers are broken and various genres fuse together to create new ones. The result is that people are able to understand each other better through listening to different kinds of music. People are becoming more tolerant of each other’s differences as they see that theyre all just human beings enjoying music The future is bright for musicians and listeners around the world as technology allows music to cross more borders. Soon, everyone will be able to appreciate a variety of musical genres regardless of their original countries or ethnic backgrounds. As people listen to their CDs, MP3s and musical devices, they will realize that their hopes and dreams are one. They will realize that while music came from different corners of the world, it speaks of the universal desire of human beings for unity and peace. Bibliography Chambers, Stuart. (2002) Yes: An Endless Dream of 70s, 80s and 90s Rock Music : an Unauthorized Interpretative History in Three Phases. General Store Publishing House. Frith, Simon, Will Straw and John Street. (2001) The Cambridge Companion to Pop and Rock. Cambridge University Press. Leichtentritt, Hugo. (2007) Music, History and Ideas. Read Books Publications. Melton, William and Randy Weinstein. (2001). The Complete Idiots Guide to Playing the Harmonica. Alpha Books. Murray, Christopher John. (2004) Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760-1850. Taylor Francis Publishing, Inc. Stanley, John. (1997) Classical Music: An Introduction to Classical Music Through the Great Composers Their Masterworks. Penguin Group USA. West, Martin Litchfield. (1994) Ancient Greek Music. Oxford University Press.